Baroque (probably from Portuguese 'barroco': irregular pearl) describes the artistic style that dominated Europe from approximately 1600 to 1750, characterised by movement, emotional intensity, grandeur and the manipulation of light and shadow. It arose partly from the Catholic Counter-Reformation's need to reassert the Church's power through spectacular, emotionally overwhelming art. In architecture, Bernini's colonnade in St. Peter's Square embraces the visitor; his Baldachin over the high altar turns bronze into fabric. In painting, Caravaggio, Rubens, Rembrandt and Velázquez all work within its broad terms — though their approaches diverge dramatically. In music, Bach and Handel are its supreme masters. The Baroque is not one thing but a family of attitudes: a taste for the dramatic, the monumental, the emotionally direct. It ended when the 18th century chose reason over feeling — and was immediately mourned.