Cubism, developed by Picasso and Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914, is arguably the most radical transformation of Western pictorial convention since the Renaissance. Rather than depicting a single, unified viewpoint, Cubism fragments objects and figures into geometric planes that show multiple angles simultaneously — as if you were walking around the subject and seeing all sides at once, then collapsing them onto a flat surface. Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) is the proto-Cubist breakthrough; the Analytical Cubism of 1909–12 reduced the world to shattered, interlocking facets in monochrome; Synthetic Cubism (from 1912) introduced collage, introducing real materials — newspaper, wallpaper, sand — into the painted surface. Cubism's influence was vast: it directly generated Futurism, Constructivism, De Stijl, and abstraction itself.