Italian Renaissance is the cultural rebirth of c. 1400–1600 in italy that produced leonardo, michelangelo, raphael, and the modern conception of the artist.
The Italian Renaissance unfolded in Florence, Rome, Venice, and the smaller courts of Italy from roughly 1400 to 1600. The Early Renaissance was launched in Florence by Filippo Brunelleschi's discovery of single-point linear perspective (c. 1413), Donatello's revival of free-standing classical sculpture, and Masaccio's frescoes at the Brancacci Chapel (c. 1425), which suddenly gave painted figures the weight, anatomy, and atmospheric setting of real people in real space. The High Renaissance in the early 16th century brought Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael working in close proximity in Rome and Florence — a concentration of genius rarely matched in history. Venice produced its own parallel tradition with Giovanni Bellini, Giorgione, and Titian, emphasising oil-paint colour and atmospheric light over Florentine line. Giorgio Vasari's 'Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects' (1550, expanded 1568) coined the idea of 'rinascita' (rebirth) and gave the West its narrative of art history as biography of artists. The Renaissance redefined the artist as a learned creator, not a mere artisan, and that conception has shaped Western art ever since.