Surrealism was founded in Paris in 1924 by André Breton, whose First Surrealist Manifesto called for 'pure psychic automatism' — accessing the unconscious directly, bypassing reason and moral preoccupation. The movement drew on Freudian psychoanalysis, on dreams as the authentic language of the mind, and on the Dadaist precedent of irrational juxtaposition. Salvador Dalí brought hallucinatory precision to dream imagery: his Persistence of Memory (1931) — the melting watches — remains the most recognised surrealist painting. Max Ernst used frottage (rubbing textures), grattage (scraping paint) and collage; Magritte played systematic games with the relationship between words, objects and images. Joan Miró developed a biomorphic abstract language from automatic drawing. Surrealism's influence extended into cinema (Buñuel), literature (Kafka's proximity to it), and advertising, which hijacked its visual language wholesale.